Female Sexuality Within Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre

Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre sets a strong example of female sexuality in the Victorian era. The title character confronts herself with her feelings for Mr. Rochester and her growing throughout the novel. She eventually finds the courage to embrace herself as she is. Jane’s independent mind and nature contradict the grain of Victorian society. She defies historical notions of female sexuality and Victorian codes and rules on sexuality. Brontà « reimagines the Victorian notion of marriage as she emphasizes Jane’s education and female work. The Introduction of 1983’s The Woman Question Vol. 2 states, â€Å"Almost any public statement bearing on the Woman Question - whether an essay, a review, a novel, a poem, a lecture, a cartoon, or a painting - was likely to generate a chain of responses, and to be read as a response to prior statements in an ongoing public discussion† (Helsinger xi). This quote conveys the message of Victorian times and their grasp on femininity. Many people, like Charlotte Brontà «, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and John Stuart Mill, disagreed with common conceptions and advocated for women’s beliefs. Others, like those belonging to the True Womanhood Cult, were â€Å"motivated, less by ‘chauvinism’ than by deep needs and genuine concern† (57). Self-sacrifice and a submissive role were expected virtues of femininity. Physicians and scientists also introduced a single-minded approach to women’s sexuality and behavioral nature. One of the most important and adverse aspectsShow MoreRelatedJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1374 Words   |  6 PagesJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Within the specter of the Gothic fictions arises the atmosphere of gloom, terror, and mystery with some elements of uncanny challenging reality. 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Feminism is a movement that began during the late 19th century, a movement that values women s functionsRead MoreAssignment 2-Introduction to Written Texts Essay2201 Words   |  9 Pages | Assignment 2: Essay 1 Topic 3- Do you see a conflict between Jane and the 19th Century female wanting social equality, but at the same time needing to remain socially acceptable? Do you think this might also apply to the author in her writing of the novel? There is a conflict between Jane and the nineteenth century female wanting social equality, but at the same time needing to remain socially acceptable. In this essay I will also lookRead More The Purpose of Sati in Jane Eyre Essay2082 Words   |  9 Pages28). It would not surprise one to assume that Charlotte Bronte, in her drive for knowledge and her stand on womens freedom, would have taken an interest in such an act; and indeed she incorporates it in Jane Eyre. In 1829, the British government prohibited the act of Sati. Twenty years later, Charlotte Bronte presents a text in which she presents the topos of feminism in imperialism (Perera 80). With the use of the custom of Sati, Charlotte Bronte writes a novel which coveys the contrast betweenRead More Comparing the Quest for Self in Jane Eyre and Villete Essay3561 Words   |  15 PagesQuest for Self in Jane Eyre and Villete      Ã‚   Why is Villette so disagreeable? Because the writers mind contains nothing but hunger, rebellion and rage. Matthew Arnold, 1853.    Matthew Arnold was certainly forthcoming about the defects of both Charlotte Brontes   mind and of her novel. Indeed he was not alone in his reaction to her; Anne   Mozley in The Christian Remembrancer ;in April 1853 wrote in reaction to   Brontes other great work of rebellion, Jane Eyre, that she hadRead MoreEssay about Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre an3613 Words   |  15 Pagesare selected canonical texts re-written by female authors? 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It poses crucial questions as to why the ‘Other’ is always represented negatively in main-stream western narrative as in the case of Bertha Mason who is portrayed asRead More Symbolism and Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper2041 Words   |  9 PagesSymbolism and Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is as a wonderful example of the gothic horror genre. It was not until the rediscovery of the story in the early 1970’s that â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was recognized as a feminist indictment of a male dominated society. The story contains many typical gothic trappings, but beneath the conventional faà §ade hides a tale of repression and freedom told in intricate symbolism as seen throughRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pages Jane Eyre was written in a time where the Bildungsroman was a common form of literature. 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Document Type: Critical essay Bookmark: Bookmark this Document Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2008 Gale, Cengage Learning Title Re(dis)covering the Witches in Arthur Millers The Crucible: A Feminist Reading [(essay date fall 1994) In the following

Cause of Problems for HSBC Holdings plc during the Credit Crisis Term Paper

Essays on Cause of Problems for HSBC Holdings plc during the Credit Crisis Term Paper ï » ¿ Causes of crisis, according to the HSBC Chairman Mr. Green, were complex and inter-related. A number of reasons include global financial imbalance that was created by speeding transfer of global economy towards emerging markets. It was the macro economic triangle of consumer nations, producing nations and resource providers that opened the doors of high growth rate. It resulted in financial imbalance in consumer markets like America where deficit of liquidity was immensely felt. Second reason of the US economy taking a wrong turn was that the producing and resource providing countries had plenty of cheap credit, which they invested in US dollar. It created a boom in consumer market and fuelled the housing market. As mortgage market didn’t follow stringent rules while sanctioning home loan in America and in some of the emerging markets, it deepened the crisis further. Another reason was complex structure of securitization. Behavior of securities as financial instruments got bey ond the comprehension of investors as well as senior bankers. Another cause of crisis was over dependence on wholesale funding, which the banks assumed that would be ever available. HSBC Holdings plc took a number of precautionary measures well in time to save it from the affects of worldwide recession caused mainly by the sub-prime fiasco. Foresight of the management saved the situation from worsening, as it had happened with other financial organizations. The bank initiated a number of steps to reposition its finance by reducing its credit risk by closing more than 200 consumer lending branches and increased tightening criteria for fresh loans in about 800 branches. These decisions were in sync with the decisions taken in 2007 to stop buying mortgages from third parties and close the wholesale business to stop further business generation in mortgages. In view of the large scale loan impairment and rising delinquency levels, HSBC Bank took additional steps of tightening underwriting standards, which included decreasing the loan to value ratio for residential mortgages, stopping the underwriting of some products and increasing the credit requirements for some risk factors. As a result, demand for fresh loans declined to 38 per cent of the levels registered in 2007. HSBC provided debt restructuring to certain credit worthy customers to save their businesses from closing. A good number of loans were, thus, restructured to be serviced on revised terms. In North America, HSBC reduced mortgage lending by 15 percent. The bank reduced its risk in consumer lending portfolio as a precautionary measure. The bank sold its mortgage portfolio of US$7.0 billion in the year 2008 in secondary markets. Further decreasing its risk hunger, it closed its whole sale and third party prime mortgage business in November 2008. HSBC restructured its lending business in the US by enlarging its sub prime credit range for government sponsored entities and conformed loan products. By February 2009, HSBC ordered closure as soon as possible branch based consumer lending finance business in North America. Thus, HSBC Bank took a number of precautionary steps to divert the severe after-effects of the credit crisis by facing the problems because of its better hold on the financial market nerves. Reference HSBC Holdings Plc 2008, Annual Report and Accounts, ’Strength, diversity and resilience’, Viewed 19 May 2010, .

Theme Of Sisterhood In Christina Rossetti’s The Goblin Market

Question: Discuss about the Theme Of Sisterhood In Christina Rossettis The Goblin Market. Answer: Christina Rossetti, Goblin Market on the topic of SISTERHOOD Description This source highlights different and wide ranging perspectives of Jill Rappoport towards giving. However, the perspectives are women-oriented. Through the statements of Jill, the women of the Victorian culture have encountered upgradation from the practice of looking after the needs, demands and requirements of her family. This upliftment has resulted in safeguarding their rights and pushing them towards empowerment. Perceiving these aspects from Christina Rossettis The Goblin Market, portrayal of Lizzie and her sister within the market is considered as the commercial devour of their individuality. The pennies, which the sisters pay for buying the juicy fruits is exchanged for the seduction, which the goblins offer. The perspective of the earlier sentence destroys the purity of sisterhood. Summary The pathetic condition of women maintains continuity even in the Victorian era. Inability to express their desires and longings were trapped under the commercialization with their respect and individuality. However, Jill, through her propositions in this source provides an empowerment to the Victorian era. Browsing through the different interpretations of exchange, Fulmer, being the mouthpiece of Jill, gifts women back their rights of freedom and liberty. In view of this gift, the sisters in The Goblin Market become ordinary girls, going to the market to get grocery. In terms of these connotations, exchange is only the transactions between sisters like Laura and Lizzie and the vegetable sellers. Evaluation Alliance in terms of women is interpreted only as marriage. Exchange means giving the daughters in marriage in exchange of the getting a son-in-law and a share of their family. Both these interpretations nullify the individual sentiments of the girls and women in terms of marriage. However, this source acts as an empowerment for the women in terms of safeguarding their rights. This is one of the greatest strengths of the source. Portrayal of the women in the commercial transactions of the market can be interpreted as the transactions of their dignity and self-respect. In terms of this connotation, the strength turns into weakness, adding to the complexities of women amidst the pressurizations of the patriarchal society. Attaching the aspect of the sisters in The Goblin Market, exchange of pennies for buying fruits can be just the satisfaction of hunger. This need fulfillment is devoid of the exchange of bodies for experiencing pleasure. Viewing it from the other perspective, the goblins or the vegetable sellers seduce the sisters for making bodily transactions by buying the juicy fruits. The second perspective is a kind of suppression for the women by the goblins in terms of gobbling up the sisters. Typical evidence of this lies in impositions towards squeezing the juices on the body of the sisters and devouring them. In view of their transcendence into the other world, due to the intake of hypnotized and seductive juice, the sisters can be grouped into a class of women, struggling with their futile fates. Herein lays the appropriateness of the word culture in terms of projecting the patriarchal culture of the Victorian era. The aspect of sisterhood, projected in the poem can be related with the fem inist groups, which fought for the freedom of the women from the shackles of patriarchy. Here lies the gifting of women their rights to vote, is justified. Description The source starts with the universal truth regarding the contribution of women behind the success of man. The perspective attached to this statement is marriage, for which the women were prepared since the time; they penetrated into puberty, as it signified their transformation into an adult. This process was prolonged and extracted the individuality of the women. This situation generated frustration and depression among the women, compelling them to leave their houses and take shelter in the communities run by the feminist groups. The struggle of these groups was full of hurdles, which raised doubts in the minds of the women regarding their safety and security. The major drive behind the doubts and dilemmas is the exposure of harsh and orthodox approach by the patriarchy. These aspects are applicable for the culture and community in which Laura and Lizzie live as sisters. Summary The source is a picturization of Christina Rossetti regarding the community culture of the Victorian era. This picturization is the outcome of womens confinement within the limitations of marriage. Marriage snatched away the freedom of women, increasing within them the desire of joining community groups, so as to break free from the shackles of the patriarchy. The news of the women joining the community feminist groups reached to men, who made plans to shatter these efforts. The source performs the role of a spy, giving information to the readers regarding the steps taken by the patriarchy to remove the aspect of freedom from the lives of the women. Although the propositions are for the married women, the implications enhance the clarity of the sisters in The Goblin Market in terms of the consequences, which they have to encounter if they regularly go to buy fruits in the community of the goblins. Evaluation Feeling sympathetic towards the tragic plight of the women, compelled writers like Rossetti to generalize the issue of commercialization of the women in the public sphere. This generalization was a plea to the society for expressing the pathos of the women and thinking of their upgradation. Herein lays the appropriateness of forming feminist groups within the communities. The main aim of these groups was inspiring the women for striving for their rights. To some extent, Laura can be considered as the representative of the feminist groups. Typucal evidence of this lies in her expression of concern for Lizzie when she becomes physically and mentally weak. Countering this, her strength is of no use in comparison to the seductive luring of the goblins. Herein lays the correlation with the cries of the goblins, come buy come buy. The evidence of this fact lies in the devouring, which Laura experiences while taking some of the fruits for Lizzie, so that she can lick it from her body. This licking strengthens the blood relationship between the sisters, adding value to the aspect of sisterhood as a whole. The action of devouring exposed by the goblins is animalistic, which makes their male ego aggressive. It is this aggression, towards which the women creations of Rossetti- Bennett sisters in Pride and Prejudice; Laura and Lizzie in The Goblin Market among others are helpless. Description The source starts with the reference of The Awakening Conscience, which invokes the consciousness of the women in terms of the need of sister like friend. The efforts put in by the early reformers add value to this source as well as the quest of women towards their need of a companion. However, the main attraction of the source is the segment on Christina Rossetti being an activist towards safeguarding the rights of the Victorian women. The cluster of these feminist groups aligns with the inner essence of the term sisterhood, which provided them with the much needed companion. Her abhorrence towards evil gains an important position in the source, igniting a spark for the formation of sister communities. In this connotation, the Laura and Lizzie are Christinas representative and prime example, which compelled her to think of something for the societal upliftment of the women. Summary Rossettis portrayal as a representative of the suppressed women is the main attraction of the source. Although the source highlights the efforts of the feminists for transformation of the womens life, the segment of Rossetti and her generalization of the relationship sister, through the example of The Goblin Market, is the unique selling proposition of the source. In view of this connotation, it can be said that Lizzie, under the toxic influence of the seductive fruits, gets the care and nourishment of her sister Laura. To the surprise of the readers, Laura also falls prey to the seductive cries of the animalistic goblin. The main purpose of this is the recovery of Lizzie. Herein the introductory quotation of the source is justified in terms of the much needed care and nourishment needed by Lizzie. Evaluation The quotation, No friend like a sister can be equated with the quotation, A friend in need is a friend indeed. Both the quotations take the relationship of sister to the level of friendship, which is a natural behavior among girls in the teenage, similar to the portrayal of Laura and Lizzie in The Goblin Market. Their falling prey to the attractive and juicy fruits merges their identity with the ordinary girls getting attracted by the colorful fruits and vegetables of the market. Here, the readers can identify their fates with Laura and Lizzie, especially the ones who have unfortunately lost their parents in the budding stage. It is at this stage, that the sisters like Laura and Lizzie need to realize that there is no friend like a sister, who will provide the protection from the animalistic goblins (men), who are waiting for an opportunity to devour their purity and innocence. References Mayer, Jed. "Come Buy, Come Buy!: Christina Rossetti and the Victorian Animal Market." InAnimals in Victorian Literature and Culture, pp. 213-231. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. Fulmer, Constance M. "Giving Women: Alliance and Exchange in Victorian Culture by Jill Rappoport."Victorian Periodicals Review46, no. 2 (2013): 279-281. Rossettis, Christina. "No friend like a sister."Victorians and the Case for Charity: Essays on Responses to English Poverty by the State, the Church and the Literati(2013): 142.

Textbroker CEO Phillip Thune 7 Tips to Conquer Content Marketing

Textbroker CEO Phillip Thune: 7 Tips to Conquer Content Marketing To master content marketing, companies must address their target group with relevant content rather than generic sales messages. Serving as CEO of Textbroker, the leading provider of on-demand, unique written content, since 2010, Phillip Thune is a Web content expert and has summarized how to achieve success. 1. Determine Content GoalsBefore you start publishing content online, first determine your goals! Are you trying to increase your website traffic, generate leads or increase user engagement? Only once goals are clearly established is it possible to measure the content’s success rate and be able to adapt accordingly.2. Formulate and Document Content StrategyA well-thought-out strategy will outline the planning, production and distribution of content. Ask yourself what information your target audience wants and at what frequency as well as where your target group can be found. Moreover, determine who creates what content and how much time is needed for that. Use a content c alendar to create a clear long-term plan.3. Produce High-Quality ContentWhat kind of content optimally conveys your message? Whether it’s an infographic, a video or text, quality content should be specific to a target audience as well as unique, informative and entertaining. Error-free content, optimally structured, with appealing style and tone is a must.4. Don’t Forget Search Engine OptimizationAlthough effective content has to first and foremost appeal to readers, it should also be search engine optimized. Place important keywords in prominent locations, such as the title, subheadings or at the beginning of the copy. Use synonyms, variations and topic-relevant terms as keywords, and create an interesting and well-written description tag.5. Seed Content   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Itâ€℠¢s not enough to create unique content: To produce results, your target audience has to see it! Spread the material across channels, including on social media, via newsletter or on forums. In addition, networking with influencers in the industry helps to seed content.6. Measure Content Efforts                                                                                                   Regularly evaluating the success of content is pivotal. The way in which results are quantified will depend on previously determined goals. A lot, such as new visitors to a site or conversion rates, can be measured via Google Analytics, and content marketing efforts should adapt depending on the results.7. Use ToolsFrom content creation to seeding, there are many tools that can help your business. Examples include BuzzSumo, Hootsuite and Piktochart. By utilizing innovative tools, you can gain advantages over your competitors and sav e time.

Marooned Ice Breaker Party Game for Adults

Marooned Ice Breaker Party Game for Adults If you were marooned on a deserted island, who would you want with you? This ice breaker is a great game to play when people don’t know each other, and it fosters team building in groups that already work together. I have always found peoples choices to be very revealing about who they are. Ideal Size Up to 30. Divide larger groups. Use for Introductions in the classroom or at a meeting, and as a team building exercise. Time Needed 30 minutes, depending on the size of the group. Materials Needed None. Instructions Give people a minute or two to think about this question: If you were marooned on a deserted island, which three people would you want with you? They can be dead, alive, or imaginary. Ask participants to introduce themselves and share their choices with the group. Start with yourself so they have an example. Example Hi, my name is Deb. If I were marooned on a deserted island, I would want Tim with me because he’s smart, strong, and fun, and I love him. He would know how to make a shelter and find food, and we’d have wonderful conversations. My second choice would be someone who tells great stories, like Garrison Keillor or Eoin Colfer. And my third would be Solomon Burke, the blues singer, so we’d have soulful music. Debriefing Debrief by asking if there were any surprises in the group and if anybody has a question for another participant. You will have listened carefully to the introductions. If somebody has chosen a person related in any way to your topic, use that person as a transition to your first lecture or activity.

Forensic Linguistics Definition and Examples

Forensic Linguistics Definition and Examples The application of linguistic research and methods to the law, including evaluation of written evidence and the language of legislation. The term forensic linguistics was coined in 1968 by linguistics professor Jan Svartvik. Example: The pioneer of forensic linguistics is widely considered to be Roger Shuy, a retired Georgetown University professor and the author of such fundamental textbooks as [Creating] Language Crimes. The field’s more recent origins might be traced to an airplane flight in 1979, when Shuy found himself talking to the lawyer sitting next to him. By the end of the flight, Shuy had a recommendation as an expert witness in his first murder case. Since then, he’s been involved in numerous cases in which forensic analysis revealed how meaning had been distorted by the process of writing or recording. In recent years, following Shuy’s lead, a growing number of linguists have applied their techniques in regular criminal cases . . ..(Jack Hitt, Words on Trial. The New Yorker, July 23, 2012) Applications of Forensic Linguistics Applications of forensic linguistics include voice identification, interpretation of expressed meaning in laws and legal writings, analysis of discourse in legal settings, interpretation of intended meaning in oral and written statements (e.g., confessions), authorship identification, the language of the law (e.g., plain language), analysis of courtroom language used by trial participants (i.e., judges, lawyers, and witnesses), trademark law, and interpretation and translation when more than one language must be used in a legal context. (Gerald R. McMenamin, Forensic Linguistics: Advances in Forensic Stylistics. CRC Press, 2002)On some occasions the linguist is asked to provide investigative assistance or expert evidence for use in Court. Within the linguistics literature there has been considerable focus on the rules for admission of authorship identification evidence to criminal prosecutions, but the role of the linguist in providing evidence is broader than this. Much of the evide nce provided by linguists does not involve authorship identification, and the assistance a linguist may offer is not restricted to only providing evidence for criminal prosecution. Investigative linguists can be considered that portion of forensic linguistics which provides advice and opinions for investigative and evidential purposes. (Malcolm Coulhard, Tim Grant, and Krzystof Kredens, Forensic Linguistics. The SAGE Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ed. by Ruth Wodak, Barbara Johnstone, and Paul Kerswill. SAGE, 2011) Problems Facing Forensic Linguists [There are] certain problems facing an insider forensic linguist. Eight such problems are: 1. short time limits imposed by a law case, as opposed to the more familiar time limits enjoyed in everyday academic pursuits;2. an audience almost totally unfamiliar with our field;3. restrictions on what we can say and when we can say it;4. restrictions on what we can write;5. restrictions on how to write;6. the need to represent complex technical knowledge in ways that can be understood by people who know nothing of our field while maintaining our role as experts who have deep knowledge of these complex technical ideas;7. constant changes or jurisdictional differences in the field of law itself; and8. maintaining an objective, non-advocacy stance in a field in which advocacy is the major form of presentation. Since forensic linguists deal in probabilities, not certainties, it is all the more essential to further refine this field of study, experts say. â€Å"There have been cases where it was my impression that the evidence on which people were freed or convicted was iffy in one way or another,† says Edward Finegan, president of the International Association of Forensic Linguists. Vanderbilt law professor Edward Cheng, an expert on the reliability of forensic evidence, says that linguistic analysis is best used when only a handful of people could have written a given text. (David Zax, How Did Computers Uncover J.K. Rowling’s Pseudonym? Smithsonian, March 2014) Language as a Fingerprint What [Robert A. Leonard] thinks about of late is forensic linguistics, which he describes as the newest arrow in the quiver of law enforcement and lawyers.In a nutshell, just think of language as a fingerprint to be studied and analyzed, he enthuses. The point to be made here is that language can help you solve crimes and language can help you prevent crimes. There is a tremendous pent-up demand for this kind of training. This can be the difference between someone going to jail over a confession he didn’t actually write.His consultation on the murder of Charlene Hummert, a 48-year-old Pennsylvania woman who was strangled in 2004, helped put her killer in prison. Mr. Leonard determined, through the quirky punctuation in two letters of confession by a supposed stalker and a self-described serial killer, that the actual author was Ms. Hummert’s spouse. When I studied the writings and made the connection, it made the hair on my arms stand up. (Robin Finn, A Graduate of Sha Na Na, Now a Linguistics Professor. The New York Times, June 15, 2008) The linguistic fingerprint is a notion put forward by some scholars that each human being uses language differently, and that this difference between people can be observed just as easily and surely as a fingerprint. According to this view, the linguistic fingerprint is the collection of markers, which stamps a speaker/writer as unique. . . .[N]obody has yet demonstrated the existence of such a thing as a linguistic fingerprint: how then can people write about it in this unexamined, regurgitated way, as though it were a fact of forensic life?Perhaps it is this word forensic that is responsible. The very fact that it collocates so regularly with words like expert and science means that it cannot but raise expectations. In our minds we associate it with the ability to single out the perpetrator from the crowd to a high degree of precision, and so when we put forensic next to linguistics as in the title of this book we are effectively saying forensic linguistics is a genuine science jus t like forensic chemistry, forensic toxicology, and so on. Of course, insofar as a science is a field of endeavour in which we seek to obtain reliable, even predictable results, by the application of a methodology, then forensic linguistics is a science. However, we should avoid giving the impression that it can unfailingly - or even nearly unfailingly - provide precise identification about individuals from small samples of speech or text. (John Olsson, Forensic Source Linguistics: An Introduction to Language, Crime, and the Law. Continuum, 2004) Roger W. Shuy, Breaking Into Language and Law: The Trials of the Insider-Linguist. Round Table on Language and Linguistics: Linguistics, Language and the Professions, ed. by James E. Alatis, Heidi E. Hamilton, and Ai-Hui Tan. Georgetown University Press, 2002

Islam in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Islam in America - Essay Example To begin with, it must be noted that there are several scenes when Muslim inmates are shown praying. Indeed, a prayer is an important element of Islam: the believers are supposed to start praying as soon as they hear a spiritual leader. However â€Å"if they are too far from a mosque to hear the call to prayer, they have to rely on a time table† (Wood 12). This is quite peculiar since it shows that even in prison the Muslims were willing to follow their spiritual tradition. In other words, the people who violated rule and regulations that were imposed by the society want to adhere to the religious rules instead. Some might suggest that this shows that spiritual law has more power for some people than secular. In addition to that, there is a peculiar scene at the end of the movie. One of the supporting characters, Javed, was shot and agreed to sacrifice himself so that the main characters would escape. When he is finally defeated and is about to be killed, he looks straight in the eyes of his future killer and says â€Å"Allahu Akbar†. What is surprising is that â€Å"’Allahu Akbar’ a phrase that many Americans associate with Muslim terrorists†. Nevertheless, this movie shows that even a criminal who is a Muslim is willing to make these words his last. Therefore, the movie wanted to imply that people may be wrong while thinking of it as a chant of terrorism.So, the movie in question also makes some important remarks about the role that religion plays in the American society.

Wind Farm Development in the United Kingdom Essay

Wind Farm Development in the United Kingdom - Essay Example This research will begin with the history of wind farm development in the United Kingdom. Wind farm development in the United Kingdom owes its influence to a few litigations. Among them is the Kyoto Protocol, which legally binds, the United Kingdom to its treaty of reducing greenhouse gases emission. There are a number of recommendations the treaty offers to this effect, but the United Kingdom has made significant steps in energy harnessing from the sun, water and wind. By the beginning of 2012, United Kingdom had the capacity of producing close to 1000 mega watts worth of solar energy. Meanwhile, water mainly generates hydroelectric power with estimated potentials of 5000Gkh. The other factor is the situation in MENA countries. Fossil fuels are the most widely used sources of fuel even in the United Kingdom. The Middle East and Northern African countries are the greatest producers of oil in the world but at the same time prone to political and economic instability. In this regard, w hatever economic or civil situation purges MENA countries, affects the state of oil production. A good example of political instability is the recent rebellion of citizens against dictator leaders in Libya, Egypt and Tunisia. This makes relying on fossil fuels such as oil and biogas tricky. Then, there is the fact that use of fossil fuel leads to production of green house gases reducing the use of oil even further. The United Kingdom sees the need to find a source of fuel that is reliable – not dependant on factors such as political instability, non pollutant and easy to produce. ... Since there got some progress in wind farms establishment and subsequent production of wind energy, a lot had to be done (Mackay 2009, p. 79). The year 2009 saw the establishment of 211 of fully functional wind farms. There is a steady progress in wind farm development across the country. For the year 2012, the aim is to increase offshore wind production capability by building at least five wind farms with a potential capacity of producing 1300 mega watts of electricity. This will be a much welcomed addition to the current 6,580 megawatts produced by the 333 fully functional wind farms across the country. Examples of functional wind farms in the U.K include the Burbo Bank wind farm, Scroby Sands and the largest offshore wind farm in the world, Thanet wind farm at the coast of Kent. The government’s commitment to these projects is clear from the current budget allocation of over five hundred million pounds to offshore wind farms (Julia 2006, p. 103). Wind farm development has a large ecological impact both positively and negatively. Positive Ecological impact, of wind farm development in the U.K: Unlike other sources of energy, wind power does not require the use of another fuel or water for it to be produced. This ensures that when producing wind energy one does not require exploiting other sources of fuel (Dragoon 2010, p. 87). Wind power does not produce air pollution during production essentially making it a clean source of energy (Boyle 2004, p. 34). Building wind farms, therefore, means there will be less air pollution; this will give the environment ample time to disintegrate the already existing green house gases in the atmosphere. Studies indicate that, since the embrace of wind energy use, carbon dioxide emissions have reduced

The history of the Islamic faith Essay Example for Free

The history of the Islamic faith Essay Introduction This is a topic on the Muslims {Islam}. I will be covering the history of the Islamic faith. I will also be talking about the mosques and I will give a drawing on one. I will mention Ramadan and what it is like for a kid to fast in the month of Ramadan. I will write about a birth and marriage and also death. So please read on. The History Of Islam The Islamic faith first started of when a man called Muhammad. Lived in a city called Makkah, 1,400 years ago. He was being troubled by his destiny and poverty. One day when he was in the rocks of Makkah, he saw an angel. In the hand of the angel was a cloth, on the cloth was some writing, and Muhammad could not read the writing so the angel told him what it said. The cloth was explaining how much power Allah had, and that he should be worshiped more. So Muhammad went back to his village and told everyone about Allah and the angel. Mekkah Mekkah is the holy place for Muslims. They have a rule that you must be a Muslims to enter Mekkah. It is most important place to Muslims because, it is were Muhammad live years ago. Muhammad was at the age of 40 when he saw the angel at the top of the massive pile of rocks. In the town of Mekkah there is a massive building called the Kaba. Kaba is cube-shaped shrine, covered in a black and gold velvet. The Muslims for good luck kiss the Kaba. Quran We believe the Quran (also written Koran) contains the words of Allah, which the angels revealed to Muhammad. Muhammad learned the words off by heart, and friends wrote them down for him. The words are in Arabic, and Muslims try to learn the Quran, the Quran is the words that were given to Muhammad. The Quran is treated with great respect and is only touched by people that are clean all over. It is wrapped in an ornate cloth to keep it in neat condition. The Quran is written in different styles of Arabic because it was written in a period of 23 years so different people wrote the Quran. Ramadan Ramadan is a fast every 9 months. During he month of Ramadan Muslims must fast (not eat or drink) from dawn to dusk. Adults eat breakfast before daylight and then nothing until dinner after sunset. Part of the reason for Ramadan is to make us aware of the needs of others. There are some people who are permitted to eat during daylight; they are pregnant women, to keep their baby healthy, and women who are feeding their babies. Also the very young or very old are permitted to eat. If you are a sportsman/woman and are training a lot in the day you are allowed to drink. The sick and disabled are also allowed to eat and drink. Birth This is what happens when a baby is born:- The first ceremony takes place as soon as a baby is born. We believe that a child is a gift from Allah and must be brought into the faith as quickly as possible. The baby is washed and the call to prayer is whispered in its right ear. A second call to worship is whispered in the babies left ear. Next honey or a piece of sugar is placed on the babies tongue as a sign of a happy life. Marriage A Muslim marriage is usally a lot of fun, with partys and colourful cloths. Many marriages are arranged by the brides farther, although our law is that the bride cannot be forced to get marred. The wedding ceremony is not a religious ceremony. The man proposes, and the woman accepts in front of witnesses. They both sign a contract (document) to make it legal. Also the man gives the bride a sum of money that is only the brides to spend. Death This is what happens at a burial or death:- When a person dies, the body is wrapped in white sheets and buried as soon as possible. Friend call on family to show there respect and support. Muslims believe that one day the dead will rise to life and be judged by Allah. It is to be said that the good will go to paradise, and all the others will go to ever lasting fire. Mosque The word Mosque comes from an Arabic word, meaning Place of Prostration. It is the house of prayer, where Muslims gather together to worship Allah. There are many different styles of Mosque, and they reflect the traditional architecture of the countries in which they are found, however, all of them share common design features. Perhaps the most distinctive element of a Mosque is its minaret, the tall slender tower designed to be seen from a distance as a reminder of Allahs presence. Before you enter a Mosque you must be clean all over, e.g. wash hands, legs and arms etc. You must also take off your shoes for cleanliness and health. Conclusion I learnt too much in this topic to right it all down, so I will give some ideas of what I learnt. One of the main things that I learnt is how the Islamic faith stared, and that the Quran was some words on a piece of cloth show to Muhammad by an angel sent by Allah .I also learnt that Ramadan is hard to keep and it is I good thing to show what it is like for poor homeless beggar.

School Violence :: School Violence Essays

From decade to decade, there has been a new type of fad to sweep the country. In the 50’s it was dancing and having fun. In the 60’s it was to dress freely and avoid the draft. The 70’s were full of pot smoking has-beens, the 80’s big hair and radical clothing. From the smallest of fades, the children in the 90’s have taken a whole new approach to the game. The changed the rules, that would affect the country for the rest of their existence. The fad? To act out in violence in school against eachother, not just fist to fist physical altercation, but from one boy’s fathers gun to another. The new fad is to take a school by a surprise attack and make news headlines. Quite a change from the early 50’s. So the question that boggles ever Americans mind, is why and how we allowed these children to invade and inhabit our lives and allow them to take the control they have at this point. The question can only be answered by figuring out the exac t problem to a â€Å"T†. We need to figure out every aspect of what they are doing. What are the exact statistics on the teen crime rate? How can we stop it? Let’s start by recognizing the problem and deal with it from there. Here is the first step. Here are some solutions to the high rising problem, I have supplied part of the solution, it is now up to the public to take action. Three-quarters or more of all schools reported having zero tolerance policies for various student offenses. "Zero tolerance policy" was defined as a school or district policy that mandates predetermined consequence/s or punishments for specific offenses. About 90 percent of schools reported zero tolerance policies for firearms (94 percent) and weapons other than firearms. Eighty-seven and 88 percent had policies of zero tolerance for alcohol and drugs, respectively. Seventy-nine percent had a zero tolerance policy for violence and 79 percent had a zero tolerance policy for tobacco. Tobacco seems to be a rising problem on its own, and we as citizens, teachers and peers, need to do more to let the children know that this behavior is unacceptable, that they are in fact still children. Another way to help stop the prob lem is Requiring School Uniforms Public school principals were presented with a list of crimes and asked to report the number of incidents of each type of crime that had occurred at their schools during the 1996-97 school year.

Psychological Perspectives of Understanding Essay

Introduction This booklet will introduce you to the main psychological perspectives to the understanding of a child’s behaviour development. Each perspective will be described in as much detail as possible, and the theorist that are linked to them. The main perspectives are; * Psychodynamic * Freud * Behaviourist * Skinner * Cognitive * Piget * Humanist * Rogers, Maslow, Cooley and mead * Social learning The psychodynamic perspective This perspective is very much based on the early work of Sigmund Freud. It is believed that behaviour is made from a child’s subconscious feelings, which all come from life experiences. It is viewed as a child’s problem as an outward and visible symptom of invisible conflicts. All the conflicts may come from trauma, loss, or from a strained/troubled relationship with parents or carers. Children do not have any inner resources that help them understand their feelings completely so they may be shown in inappropriate and difficult behaviour. Sigmund Freud said that â€Å"when a child’s too painful or too difficult feelings are left untalked about, they leak out in difficult and challenging behaviour or in neurotic symptoms.† The source of a painful feeling is buried under a defensive mechanism that is very hard to find in a child; because of this most children do not understand why they are behaving this way. A psychodynamic assessments are always carried out by psychiatrist as they use techniques that are designed to provide an insight into their past. To do this they use the response of the child to make inferences about sub-conscious motives for behaviour. Once they have understood the child’s behaviour the psychologists will start an intervention which will help the child express their feelings instead of it coming through their behaviour. These can be done through the following;  * Build a supportive relationship with a significant adult * Help the child to talk about what they are feeling in an secure environment * Express painful feeling through drama, storytelling, play or cartoons The behaviourist perspective This perspective is based from the work Skinner. It was said â€Å"Law of Effect† is the behaviour that leads to strengthened behaviour which is ignored or unsatisfying which is all weakened. Behaviourists claim that all behaviour of children are learned and can be changed by systems, such as rewards or punishment. There are two types of rewards behaviourists use, these are informal and formal. * Informal – acknowledgement or praise * Formal – clear targets for example stickers, tokens or points which all then lead to bigger rewards. The behaviourists also claimed that the behaviour requires a scientific approach which is completely based on objectivity and experimentation. The methods they were use were considered to be unscientific, so instead it was all placed on observations on their behaviour rather than a searches for the cause of the behaviour through the child’s past. Behavioural assessments in schools involve observation and recording of a child’s behaviour. When they are observing it is all taken down on an observation checklist, which includes the following titles; * Antecedent * Behaviour * Consequences All this is then used to form a baseline for a post-intervention can be assessed. The Cognitive perspective This perspective shows how a child’s develops understanding what is around them. This refers to different mental activities such as; * Listening * Speaking * Learning * Understanding All the theories of cognitive development concentrate on developments of  their intellectual skills. All the skills that we have are the ones that have been learnt through cognitive development. If none of the children have cognitive skills then they wouldn’t be able to put past experiences or plan future events, cognitive development is very much concerned with how the mental processes work and develop. There were two psychologists who studied cognitive development, there name was Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Jean Piaget was a psychologist who looked at a child’s developing their reasoning skills. Piaget carried out detailed observations of them and as his work started taking shape on how our understanding a child’s intellectual skills and as a result of this he has made changes in education. Piaget understood that cognitive developments occurred in stages, his research concentrated on how children learn and start to gain an understanding of their stage of development to be able to learn new concepts. He identified a four-stage process of cognitive development all the way through childhood. He stated that every child would go through each stage but not at the same time, but he also said that some children would sometimes never reach the later stages. The four stages are; * Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) * Children at very young ages start to learn by their own activity and movement. Everything babies touch or see they put into their mouths or hold them tight and they examine them closely. A child develops an understanding through something called schema. Schema is a mental construction which contains all the information a child has about a particular aspect of the world. * Pre-operational stage (2-7 years) * At this stage children start to show evidence of thinking but it’s not logical thinking, they are not able to perform mental operations. Children will start to use symbolic behaviour such as pretend play, language and drawings. * Concrete operations stage (7-11 years) * At this stage children are able to understand any ideas in a much more logical way but they sometimes still find it hard to understand concepts. * Formal operational stage (age 12 to adult) * At this stage children are able to think in a way which is more abstract and logical way, they can use reasoning skills; they are applying a general principle to a particular situation. Children are more flexible in the way they think. There are two people who have been highly interested in cognitive styles of therapy. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck has used methods of cognitive behavioural therapy to treat many people who have or are suicidal, depressed or may have personality disorders. Whereas Albert Ellis looked at the different ways to change their behaviour my using methods of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy, he used this to show his patients that their feelings were results of different habits by conditioning rather than being realistic. Therapists that use this approach use training and role-play techniques to modify their behaviour. The humanist perspective This perspective makes positive aspects of development and growth, this emphasises a person’s unique experiences to a personal thoughts. There are four psychologists that are specialised in this perspective, these four are; * Carl Rogers * Rogers developed the concept on self-esteem. According to him everyone has an idea of what someone’s ideal self should be. He believed that if your image of your self is the same as your ideal self then you have good self-esteem. Rogers said that the development of self-esteem all depends on positive regard from others, the effect of a child’s self-esteem will come from their parents’ unconditional love and affection. Children will start to cope with different situations as they get older, for example a sense of achievement or failure in either sports or their educational skills. Rogers also considered cultural factors, gender and physical attributes to come to his conclusion. * Abraham Maslow * Maslow’s theory is based on individuals that are being motivated through seeking to develop through five levels of need. The most basic needs are physiological which are survival instinct, which is then followed by safety needs, belonging and loving needs, self-esteem needs and at the very top is personals achievements and growth. * Cooley * Cooley proposed â€Å"looking glass† theory, which means that the behaviour from children to others acts like a looking glass which gives us a reflection of ourselves. It raises people’s self-esteem. * Mead * Mead had the view that everyone has two aspects â€Å"I† and â€Å"me†. This means that â€Å"I† is the social responses of individual and â€Å"me† being the responses and attitudes of others. It was important of the communication with others for the development of self-esteem. The Social learning perspective Social psychology looks at aspects of development such as behaviour such as being in a group, leadership, non-verbal behaviour and aggression. The social perspective looks at the environment, interactions with others that have influenced the child’s behaviour and attitudes. Bandura theory emphasises on the environment and the social steps of learning. His view is that it would be part of a child’s self development, is what they have observed and imitated from people around them.

RR communications

Due to the division among departments, the company has been unable o meet reporting requirements for the Serbians Solely Act. It has proved obvious that a shared IT service, which is standardized among all the units, is needed to ensure everything goes well. The first problem we see at OR Communications is that there is a definite lack of centralized and concise IT governance. Currently all of the separate functions of the company have their own individual leadership with no central leadership. For this reason, each of the sections takes actions and makes decisions based only on how it affects their own particular departments.There Is no ordination to ensure that the act of one area does not negatively affect the rest of the firm. This In turn has led to a gallants lack of uniformity across the organization, which Is hurting customer relations. There are unified databases and each section maintains their own set of records; this is causing great frustration among their customers who continually have issues when dealing with more than one area. Much of the division of departments has been caused by a lack of central leadership.The CEO of the firm has failed to unify the department or assert any intro over the individual IT vice presidents. Even though they reported to him, each had acted entirely independently. This continuous failure of leadership has caused the department heads to develop a sense of isolation and self-survival. Even though a new executive UP of IT has been appointed to bring unity to the firm, there has been severe resistance as each department feels It will suffer. The lack of centralized management for so long has caused significant discord between the departments that will take considerable effort to overcome.In Dalton, this company attitude has altered down from the VSP to the middle and lower management creating an overall atmosphere that is dangerously disjointed. Even the suggestion of bringing together the database systems and manageme nt has caused a near mutinous uprising and rejection of leadership. The current managerial atmosphere has been around so long, the attitude of individualism has been deeply embedded in the corporate culture. While, individual thinking is useful to foster innovation and creativity, when the entire organization acts to satisfy only its individual requirements, the firm overall will suffer.Unless this attitude can be overcome, any attempt at bringing unity to the company will fall. From the technical standpoint, OR Communications is suffering from a severely fractured information management system. Every section of the company manuals Its own Individual customer databases, which are In Incompatible formats. If a customer manuals relationships with more then one division, they get bills from each individual area. Customer issues often fail to get causing problems with diminished customer satisfaction. In addition, without a centralized database, full customer information and statistics are impractical to elect.In addition to suffering by not being able to collect detailed records, the company is facing regulatory issues by not being able to provide complete information on the company's activities, and significant resources are being wasted to assemble simple reports. Currently management and associates at OR Communications believe that a collective solution is impossible, and any attempt to do so will cause them to suffer. While it may be true that the initial implementation of such a system will require a significant collective effort, the end result will be well worth it.It is also clear that much of the perspective of management is extremely short sided; projects are selected only based on a very narrow and limited benefit view with no regard for their long-term viability. As more and more systems have been patched together to fulfill immediate gaps, the overall collection of programs has become a cumbersome, inefficient, and unmanageable mess. A truly efficien t system would be one that is all-encompassing and communicates across all facets of the organization to deliver a unified and fully integrated information system that can add real value to the firm.One other major issue at OR Communications is the proliferation of rouge projects completed without oversight or regard for how they will affect the firm. In a large company every project should be examined to determine how it could provide value to the organization before being launched. At OR Communication projects are being launched that benefit only select areas and may in fact be causing a significant negative impact to the rest of the firm. The company currently does not have a steering or operating committee to oversee and exert control over these projects.Without any form of centralized control and provenance, these rouge projects will continue to sabotage the effectiveness of the organization. Lack of common information and enterprise IT strategy has caused several problems for the business and the IT departments of OR communications. Customer service has suffered and customer dissatisfaction has grown. Lack of common information has made it difficult for management to monitor the businesses as a whole. Business units are unable to exchange information and remain unaware of the other divisions' work.There is little sense of how the divisions work together to meet the company's overall goals. The accounting problems make it difficult to present shareholders with accurate financial information, and the system is not cost-effective in any case. Furthermore, each division working at individual level to attain its success makes them rigid and unable to adapt to changing requirements; under these circumstances even the implementation of new technology will be extremely difficult. The organization cannot operate efficiently as a whole or at division levels, and the costs are bound to keep increasing.Analysis: As many annoyed customers can probably agree, being tr ansferred from one apartment of the company to another over and over again to resolve a simple issue is one of the main reasons many companies lose customers. This is certainly an issue at OR Communications. The main cause of the problem seems to be the division of system that rewards individual performance over company profit. The fact that the four CICS refuse to work together and resort to sabotaging the efforts of the others, serves to show that they are more interested in their own selfish financial goals.While the president of the company may have been a visionary and brilliant entrepreneur, he lacked the managerial skills to recognize the need to have a unified commission system which would foster participation in a common goal, and thus a common commission which is interdependent on all four business units would be most beneficial to the company. Unifying IT Resources The most important problem for OR Communications to correct is a significant deficiency of successful inform ation management, reflected by the confused state of their customer information databases.Currently customer data is disbursed in separate databases for each section of the company, so that data from one apartment is not available to another. Thus, customers are forced to maintain relationships with multiple departments and receive billing from each. This separation means that valuable information resources are not being effectively utilized, hurting the firm's productivity and efficiency. To improve the state of information capital at OR Communications, a complete overhaul of the current systems will be necessary, from both an IT and business standpoint. Information represents a vital asset to any company.This can be in the form of customer accounts, sales records, research & development, financial statements, etc. However, in order to realize full benefits, the same information must be readily accessible by all individual units, so that the company can leverage it in the most effi cient manner. The first step to correct the issues at OR Communications is to create a unified data architecture that combines all information resources into a central database that is accessible to all sections of the firm. By providing a centralized database clients will be better served by allowing complete access to customer records throughout the company.This will also improve reporting abilities, lower administrative costs, and rattle increase the value of information resources. To achieve the greatest benefit to the company, OR Communications could consolidate its data from multiple silos into a unified enterprise data warehouse (DEW) (Smalls, 2011). This architecture provides multiple benefits including a single location for all information storage reducing the amount of duplicated efforts. This also greatly improves the integrity of data by providing a ‘single version of the truth' (Smalls, 2011).When data is spread throughout multiple databases, invariable some of it will differ. For example, a customer's address may have been changed in one department but not another. These differences can prove costly to a company. A centralized DEW means that only one record should exist for each customer and reduce data discrepancies. Having such a centralized system would also satisfy customer needs in a more efficient manner and would help to cross-sell products, which in turn would result in higher profits and more profit for the company.By allowing customers to have a single point of contact, and sharing information by standardizing software and databases across he organization, information will flow more freely and readily available thus giving the employees the ability to communicate in real time with accurate data and maximizing customer contact to increase profits. Having a decentralized IT function is business units separated, it keeps pertinent information out of reach of other business units, and thus allows missed opportunities to maximize profi t.Also, the lack of communication among the units creates chaos and disorientation in the organization and gives precedence to individual goals above company goals, which in urn will end up hurting the overall enterprise vision and may even spell the end of the enterprise altogether. Finally, having a decentralized IT function creates customer frustration such as in the case of getting several bills for different products. This frustration may cause the company lost customers and lost profits.Information Stewardship & Information Management Policy The difficulty in implementing this solution is the current state of the databases scattered about the firm; many are in incompatible formats, so that significant effort will need to be invested to bring together all of this data into a single, shared IT arrive system accessible to all. In addition, not all data is equally valuable to each unit. Efficiency necessitates allowing employees access to the information that is most pertinent wit hout inundating the various departments with extraneous details.For this reason, whatever IT solution is implemented must be able to adapt dynamically to the storage and retrieval needs of each department. Another challenge to creating a centralized system is the role of information stewardship. Information stewardship involves the ownership and control of information to reduce discrepancies and redundancies. To maintain the consistency and accuracy of data, information stewards need to be appointed. â€Å"Information stewards are businesspeople. They should be responsible for determining the meaning of information ‘chunks' and their business rules and contextual use.They should be responsible for the accuracy, timeliness, consistency, validity, completeness, and redundancy of information† (Mencken & Smith, 2009, p. 76). A serious challenge to the consolidation of data at OR Communication will be consolidating all of the disparate information from around the firm into a single enterprise data warehouse. It is very keel that there will be duplicate information, conflicting records, incompatible data formats, and other inconsistencies that will not lend themselves to easy integration.However, the reduction in duplicate and conflicting information will be vital to the success of OR Communication. Duplicate data means an increase in administrative work and overhead, and conflicting and inconsistent information means the company is not performing at optimum levels. The reduction of duplicate data, or data duplication â€Å"can improve the performance of virtual systems, reduce network traffic and cut the costs associated with data protection. In addition, duplication allows backup data to be replicated more efficiently to other sites for disaster recovery' (Symantec, 2011).Duplication increases the amount of data a corporate network must process, reducing efficiency and increasing costs. Storage costs increase as the same information may be stored and backed up across multiple databases, again wasting resources. Finally, duplication of data significantly increases the amount of labor required to utilize it in any useful manner. Clearly, OR Communication will need a significant amount of data duplication to create a useful, consolidated enterprise data warehouse.To facilitate the proper stewardship of information, an information management policy needs to be created that information management policy will dictate the rules and guidelines for how information is handled, who is responsible for maintaining and updating it, and outline the policies and practices to do so (Mencken & Smith, 2009). To begin to unravel the data mess at OR Communications they should define an encompassing information management policy that will effectively address the issues of what information is retained, who is responsible for updating it, how it is to be maintained, ND who should have access to it.Critical to the success of this policy will be the inv olvement of management from all functional areas of the company. Each should be given the opportunity to contribute to the policy, and each individual needs should be addressed. In addition, the problem with this solution will be gaining acceptance from the different functional areas of the business. There will obviously be conflicts of ideas and differences of opinion in how the policy should be created and enforced. To improve the effectiveness of the policy it needs to be thoroughly enforced from top management down.This means to gain compliance, OR Communications' CEO needs to set the example and pressure all levels of management below to do the same. Another strategy to encourage the support of the divisional presidents for the shared customer service is by creating awareness that the free information flow would be beneficial for all and would simplify business processes, thus allowing then to increase their bottom line, and thus their bonuses. Finding opportunities to demonstr ate small success would help show the support being given to the divisions.To aid in compliance, a large corporate training program would be initiated to ensure the policy is well known by all associates. Gaining compliance by all of the business areas will be the most difficult part of this solution; the ingrained attitude of self-preservation that exists at OR Communication will be difficult to overcome. However, change is not impossible, but only by dedication of management. The initial implementation period will be the most difficult, and if enforcement waivers the policy may fail.Creating Useful Information from Raw Data One characteristic of an enterprise system is ensuring seamless integration of a Meany's information among all divisions, including financial and accounting Markus, M. L. , & Tania, C. (n. D. ). Hence, to achieve a successful enterprise system, a company must have its IT systems centralized to ensure information runs smoothly and is relevant among all divisions , especially the financial and accounting information. Considering the accounting problems brought up at the final meeting, the company obviously needs to implement a centralized IT function.Moreover, it will be far more expensive to have an enterprise system with a decentralized IT function, which is contrary to the aim of achieving an enterprise system. While a centralized information management system will indeed offer benefits at OR Communication, if there is no way to utilize and interpret that data, it is useless; this is analogous to being data rich and information poor. Just because a company has loads of data does not mean that is fully informed. A company such as OR Communication collects vast quantities of data, but having the resources to convert that into useful information can be an extreme challenge.At OR Communication, they are facing a double-sided robber; they have neither a collective data warehouse, nor do they have any effective information management. Once the problem of centralization has been massive amounts of data is using a metadata repository. A metadata repository functions much like the card catalog of a library; while it does not specifically contain the information, it provides an index of what is available, including the relevant points on what it contains, as well as a pointer to locate the information (Moss & Broodier, 2002).This index provides an extremely valuable resource tool to quickly locate pertinent information. In addition, the metadata repository should be designed with the ability to hook into other systems that are developed to provide information to mother systems as necessary. Establishing this framework now will offer increased benefits as more systems are built off the central repository. Addressing Corporate Culture As seen in OR Communications, lack of common information and enterprise IM strategy can cause several problems to the business and the IT department.OR Communications has encountered serious custo mer service problems, due to lack of common information and enterprise strategy. In addition, lack of common information makes it hard for the overall management to monitor the businesses. Business units are unable to exchange information, and none is aware of the other divisions' work. The company is not in a position to strengthen its brand since no divisions work together. To remedy this, a unification of the firm needs to take place from more than Just an IT standpoint.The disjointed nature of the firm's information assets reflects a deeper separation of the personnel at OR Communications. Departments work for their own ends with naught but passing concern for their effects on the company as a whole. This lack of cohesion manifests itself in the behavior of the CICS, divisional managers, and even the employees, and has resulted in the severe fragmentation of corporate culture. The fragmented IT systems are only a symptom of a much larger problem.Before addressing the IT problems at OR Communications, the underlying culture of the business needs to be transformed. This begins at the very top, with the president of the company and the highest leaders; they need to be the first to set the example, and it is clear their current attitudes have set the company on the disastrous course it is on. Removing the CIO team which has hampered the company's efforts at unification up until now was a good step, but serious considerations now need to be taken to prevent things from getting worse.Other associates could easily see firing the Close as a usurping of departmental sovereignty; however, they need to use this as an opportunity to show that the company can be brought together without sacrificing any of their needs. To capitalize on this opportunity the president and vice president should bring together the next level of management into a council of members to set the direction and ultra of the firm in a way that promotes unity and mutual respect.This council should be responsible for creating and fostering an atmosphere that shows the benefits of the firm functioning as one. They need to prove to the management and associates that their departments will have a say in decisions, and their needs will not be overlooked. To improve the odds of acceptance, the council should be selected from leaders that have proven themselves as examples of good leadership and who are respected in the firm.Key to the success of this council will be keeping everyone n equal footing and ensuring that no one area is given preference over another, needs then others, and sometimes priority will need to be given to one area; however, if this behavior is present from the outset they will receive much resistance from the firm, as this will reinforce existing fears. Once a unity of the firm has been established, people will be more flexible to accept changes after they see the benefits. It will be up to the president and vice president as leaders to maintain these policies and be the example.As demonstrated in previous cases, the president as been lax in demonstrating himself as a leader and this could prove damaging to any such plans to unify the firm. Leadership must begin at the top, and the success or failure of a company often reflects the abilities of its leadership. Implementation Challenges The advantages of a shared IT system eliminate some of the above-mentioned problems. A single centralized and standardized IT operating system will enhance quick decisions across all the departments, since all units will be looking at the same data.Furthermore, with a shared service, customers will not have to visit different databases for the same company; rather, all their queries and purchases can be done from one site that will serve them with all that they need from the company. Another advantage will be easy monitoring of the divisional units?their individual performances as well as their contributions to the whole company. Another advantage for the company will be the ability to monitor financial operations, since all operations will be reflected on one database centrally (Maces, 2010).To implement the shared service strategy, it will be important to seek support of the divisional residents, considering they will be in charge of the units, which are the moneymaking branches. Their willingness to participate in the construction of the shared service will benefit the whole company. The first step to the implementation of this strategy will require assurances that it will benefit the whole company far more than the current system that is facing opposition from not only the customers but also other stakeholders such as the suppliers.In turn, since employees' remuneration is awarded on performance, improved performance for the whole firm will be an added advantage. Since the divisional heads are used to being in control, it is important to remind them that having a shared service will not mean the imposition of decisions from above . Rather, the shared service will make the operations of the whole organization work in harmony for the purpose of easy monitoring customer convenience. They should be included as part of the implementation team, so they can offer input on what they may not want to change.For instance, many are worried they will have to do away with specific projects. Ensuring them that these projects will continue after implementation of the shared arrive would increase their support, as would helping them understand that the new, shared system will enhance the harmony and efficiency of whole organization; eventually they will come to see that their roles will remain mostly the same. Another way to improve the odds of success to a centralized data structure is by appointing a team to oversee the maintenance of the data warehouse from an enterprise level.Ideally the members of this team should be comprised of analysts from the important functional areas of the company. This can help gain buy-in from the many due to the fact that the members of this team have already proven 2011). In addition the benefit of incorporating these individuals is that individual departments will feel that they have representation in the new system, and that their interests are protected. This will increase the potential for global acceptance in the program.Another way to increase compliance with the new systems is to implement an incentive program that would drive associates to achieve the best results. Incentive programs drive people to reach specific targets by offering them tangible rewards beyond their current compensation. At OR Communications, an incentive program could be implemented to increase compliance and adoption of a new centralized system. For example, the company could offer monetary bonuses to departments that lower their operating costs using the new system the most.Another more abstract idea would be to have a small bonus program for departments that offer ideas to enhance the pro ductivity of the system. Many of the departments have complained that a shared system would cause them to be overlooked; however, offering this type of inventive would both encourage them to aka enhancements of the system while simultaneously demonstrating that their opinions count. Positive reinforcement, such as an inventive program, help gain the compliance of the workforce in a much more efficient way then punishment or negative reinforcement.There are governance mechanisms and metrics that can be used to encourage the implementation and use of a shared enterprise data system. The governance that needs to be put in place is the alignment of divisional units with the IT department. The metrics must be aligned with transparency to ensure that IT is in congruence with business operations. The governance mechanism should involve all departments focusing on regulatory issues, risk alleviation and opportunity enhancement.The metrics used should be concerned with making divisional data fit into an enterprise system. These metrics will identify areas of weakness and avenues of improvement. To quote an analogy, â€Å"Rome wasn't built in a day;† and it will take significant time and effort to remedy all the problems at OR Communications. Close governance and metrics will aid in any improvement plan. Recommendation: It is evident that OR Communications need an intervention in its customer service enter.The lack of a centralized customer care center is making it hard to provide unified services to customers. More so, a lot of time is wasted by customers who have to be referred to different department for billing. Customers are forced to have several accounts with the company for each division since each division is held with its independent operations including billing (Smith & Mencken, 2007). This makes it hard for customer care provision. Considering consumer service is very crucial for any business, OR Communications need a centralized customer service cent er.A internalized service center will have many benefits to the whole organization such as cost reduction, time saving, good management of customers' data or information, and customer satisfaction. I recommend a centralized customer service center for OR communications for its advantages as predetermined below. The divisional IT service means having separate audits for every division. Having each division with an individual audit is expensive for the company since several auditors will be needed.Eliminating the divisions will save some costs that would otherwise be used for the services of the auditors at every division. With a single it department, data can be fed means reduced time for audits since with divisions audits have to be put together after each department has completed its audit (Smith & Mencken, 2007). Coordination among the auditors will be efficient since information is collected from one point where all information concerning company accounts is stored.Therefore, hav ing a centralized service center will enhance such operations across the whole organization. In addition, with a centralized customer service center as well as IT, it will ensure information is collected at one point making it easy to access information mongering any department from any point within the company without having to refer to the division in charge. Hence, for the auditors, complying with the set Serbians Solely act will be easy since information about customer billing and accounts of the whole firm will be centralized ensuring accuracy.Having the customer service centralized enhances business operations and processes, ensuring best practices such as timely audits are realized. With data consolidated in one central place, information can be exploited to breed new opportunities for the company. When data is at one place for all the divisions, it is easier to have a broader picture concerning how the divisions can create a new opportunities. Exploiting these opportunities Jointly among the divisions is better than going individually.Moreover, security can be more enhanced with a shared service center since monitoring will be done by one entity. This will further reduce costs associated with having each division taking responsibility of storing and maintaining its own data. Considering that OR communications is currently having several software, consolidating information together for the whole company is hard. Smooth flow of information across departments to ensure easy sharing is vital; not only for the whole company, but for divisions too, considering information consolidation is a fundamental instrument for doing business.Consolidating the IT services to one centralized structure will require removing of service center hardware from each division to one central department that will mitigate risks and have a common structural design as well as policies that are easily reviewable for updating. A common security procedure will reduce risks associated with information breech. Through the same procedures ND practices, the company can reduce file systems redundancy within the organization and enhance efficient document retention as well as reduce costs.Another reason to have one service center is to match the technical capacity of the company with its vision. At the current divisional independence, the divisions exploit their own visions that are not in congruence with the organization's vision and mission. Considering the company's vision is to have a consistent brand across all the divisions, it is necessary to have cross-shared services across all divisions to achieve this vision. The vision can be achieved through cross- sales of all the company services to its customers, as opposed to each department having its selling strategy.Having a shared sales service will serve to reduce the costs incurred when divisions do it individually hence creating a better chance for profit across all departments. Having a central service center will ensure that the overall vision of the company is followed since the central service center will be inclined towards the vision of the whole company. This way, each division can have a chance of benefiting form other divisions, hence the company as a whole (Smith & Mencken, 2007). Having a single are outsourcing majority of their operations to other professional companies for reductions of costs.With independent divisions and IT strategies for each individual division, outsourcing will be quite complicated. Having a central service center to oversee all requests will enhance efficiency as well as value. More so, through the consolidation of IT services and information at one common place will reduce security risks associated with outsourcing services. This will further ensure reliability and security of information. A consolidation of information and IT services will enhance cross-services for customers such as billing (Mencken & Smith, 2011).The company divisions at current cir cumstance hold their information secret from each other, making it a competition within the divisions that raise the problem of billing where customers have to be referred to other divisions for other services. With the consolidated information, customers will only need to visit one department from which other information concerning other divisions can be met. This will improve the perception of their whole company as a brand and the standing of the company can be improved as well as customer satisfaction.There is need for the company to realize that in the current world information is one of the drivers of businesses, which all businesses need to survive. Having each division with its own information center reduces the chances of the company improving in the future since the harmonious climate needed among the divisions for this achievement is minimal. Having stipulated the advantages bound to arise or reasons why a central service center should be achieved, it is important to cons ider how OR can be able to implement this recommendation with ease and least resistance from the divisions.This is the first most likely problem to arise during implementation. Hence, the first step should be generating support form all divisions, which has been quite hard up to now especially from the managers who are self centered and concerned with their earnings that depend on their performance. The managers also have a negative attitude towards merging of information and data among the divisions through one central service. A three-point strategy can be used to gain their support. It includes financial strategy, mitigation of risks associated and compliance to regulation.Financial point can emphasize the advantages the shared service is bound to raise, which will for the benefit of all the divisions and organization as a whole. Risk mitigation will arise from security of information through monitoring by one entity in a standardized way, while regulatory will be concerned with abiding to set accounting rules of the Serbians Solely act which the company has been having problems with (Schwartz, 2007). The next step would be to lay out the vision of the company and show why it cannot be achieved with division of operations among the divisions.This will impart some reasoning among the leaders, and support fore all divisions should be ensured. The main aim is to make everybody in the divisions aware of the role they will play and their stake to ensure thee is compliance and acceptance of the strategy to build a one services center (Mencken & Smith, 2011). One of the problems that could arise after implementation of a shared service center is ease of adoption. Some employees who have been used to the old system will require to be trained how to work harmoniously with a single service center. Many will be required to handle more information concerning not only their divisions, but

Free Essays on Of Miles Davis

Of Miles Davis By Willam Ford The poem is talking about the jazz great Miles Davis. In stanza one it says â€Å"The pop out eyes belonging to Baldwin but are sadder meaner , more direct In their accusations against us† In my opinion it is talking about a person who is holding in a lot of hurt and problems, and he is hiding his problems from the people who enjoys him. In stanza two it says â€Å"The French have given him a medal and assigned him Picassio’s genius. In the third world he outsells Bird (Charlie Parker).† It is basically saying that Miles Davis is the best and makes more money, or draws more of a crowd than Bird. In stanza three the poem states† Costumed tonight in a showering tent of silver, he stands under the spot Head crooked , glasses as dark†. It is saying that once again he is covering up a problem to hide it from his audience and his eyes are covered by dark glasses because if they weren’t people would know what the problem is that he is trying to hide. In stanza four it states â€Å"As eyes of! Tiresias He’s blowing a funky put-to-gether Bouquet of malvolent flowers.† It is saying that when he is blowing his instrument his eyes stand out like the great Greek god Tiresias. Then it talks about a funky put together, it means that his music is one of a kind and it then talks about a Bouquet of malvolent flowers. In my opinion it is saying that his music is beautiful but fading because of continued dug use. In stanza seven the poem states that â€Å"As from the devil hisself the whole sound shaking with a cocaine jumpiness He says he finally did kick.† I think it is saying that his music is changing because he has finally gave his problem, which kept him costumed and kept his eyes covered with dark glasses. In stanza eight and nine it says â€Å"And yet here and there, we hear it , That muted horn from kind of blue almost as slow, almost that orchidaceous.† I personally think that it is saying that ever... Free Essays on Of Miles Davis Free Essays on Of Miles Davis Of Miles Davis By Willam Ford The poem is talking about the jazz great Miles Davis. In stanza one it says â€Å"The pop out eyes belonging to Baldwin but are sadder meaner , more direct In their accusations against us† In my opinion it is talking about a person who is holding in a lot of hurt and problems, and he is hiding his problems from the people who enjoys him. In stanza two it says â€Å"The French have given him a medal and assigned him Picassio’s genius. In the third world he outsells Bird (Charlie Parker).† It is basically saying that Miles Davis is the best and makes more money, or draws more of a crowd than Bird. In stanza three the poem states† Costumed tonight in a showering tent of silver, he stands under the spot Head crooked , glasses as dark†. It is saying that once again he is covering up a problem to hide it from his audience and his eyes are covered by dark glasses because if they weren’t people would know what the problem is that he is trying to hide. In stanza four it states â€Å"As eyes of! Tiresias He’s blowing a funky put-to-gether Bouquet of malvolent flowers.† It is saying that when he is blowing his instrument his eyes stand out like the great Greek god Tiresias. Then it talks about a funky put together, it means that his music is one of a kind and it then talks about a Bouquet of malvolent flowers. In my opinion it is saying that his music is beautiful but fading because of continued dug use. In stanza seven the poem states that â€Å"As from the devil hisself the whole sound shaking with a cocaine jumpiness He says he finally did kick.† I think it is saying that his music is changing because he has finally gave his problem, which kept him costumed and kept his eyes covered with dark glasses. In stanza eight and nine it says â€Å"And yet here and there, we hear it , That muted horn from kind of blue almost as slow, almost that orchidaceous.† I personally think that it is saying that ever...

GARFIELD Surname Meaning and Family History

GARFIELD Surname Meaning and Family History Garfield is a surname thought to have originated as a habitational name for someone from a lost or unidentified place, from  the Old English gar, meaning triangular land, and feld, meaning open country or field. Other possible origins of the Garfield name include the Saxon garwian, meaning to prepare, or the German and Dutch gar, meaning dressed, prepared or a field or place furnished for an army. Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings:  GARFELD, GARFEELD Where Is the Garfield Surname Most Common? According to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, Garfield is most commonly found in the United Kingdom, with a large number of individuals with the surname living in the West Midlands. In the United States, the Garfield surname is most common in Utah, followed by Vermont, New Hampshire, Montana, Massachusetts and New Mexico. Forebears  identify the Garfield last name in England as being most common in Worcestershire (551st most common last name), followed by Huntingdonshire, Northamptonshire, and Warwickshire. In the United States, Garfield is most common in Utah, Montana, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Nevada, and Maine. Interestingly, the Garfield surname is also fairly common in Jamaica and Taiwan. Famous People with the GARFIELD  Surname James A. Garfield  - 20th president of the United StatesAndrew Garfield  -  American actorHenry Garfield  - birth name of American artist and musician Henry RollinsJason Garfield - juggler; founder of the World Juggling FederationRichard Garfield - creator of the game Magic: The GatheringEugene Garfield - American scientist Genealogy Resources for the Surname GARFIELD Meanings of Common English  SurnamesUncover the meaning of your English  last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common English surnames. Garfield  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Garfield  family crest or coat of arms for the Garfield surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. GARFIELD  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Garfield  ancestors around the world. Search or browse the archives to find messages related to your Garfield ancestry, or join the group to post your own Garfield query. FamilySearch - GARFIELD  GenealogyExplore over 100,000  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Garfield surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GARFIELD  Surname Mailing ListA free mailing list is available for researchers of the Garfield  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archive of past messages. GeneaNet - Garfield  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Garfield  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Garfield  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Garfield  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry of James Garfield, 20th U.S. PresidentExplore the ancestry of President Garfield, including his ancestors, descendants, and famous kin. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Management Research and Consultancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Research and Consultancy - Essay Example It is obvious, that the patterns of HRM in family and non-family business are different, thus it should have been better to find the differences in HRM patterns between different family businesses, to outline the major factors that influence these behaviour and the ways of making these behaviours work for businesses of small and medium companies. The work notes, that the terms HRM is at times used in the wrong way, to replace the famous term of Public Management. But it should be remembered that HRM is somewhat different sphere of research, than the PM is. So, as the work is concentrated at comparing the HRM patterns of different kinds of small and medium enterprises, less attention is paid to family business itself, as a bright example of unusual and unique human relations inside each enterprise. At the same time, the present research is an attempt to satisfy the urgent need for studying the HRM processes in the small and medium firms; as such research has always been made for large corporations. The importance of HRM in each firm, either large, or small, is not argued. It is one of the principal ways for the development and progress of any organization. 2. Evaluate the literature review and the way that the researchers have used it to set research questions and design of the project. The research is based on a big number of literary works, relating to human resource practices and family business as the economic phenomenon. There is no argument about the fact, that it is easier to manage in the smaller environment, and the research relates to the works of Storey and Guest (1987), which suggest, that the key concepts of any human resource management are high flexibility, high quality, high integration and high commitment, but Guest's book was written for the big companies, and thus it is rather ambiguous, whether his ideas are applicable to the smaller business; this issue needs further research. On the contrary, the Storey's ideas as for the important role of communication and logic are very relevant for small family business, as the communication in any human relations plays one of the first, if not the first, role. The literature, chosen for the research, is seldom devoted to HRM in small firms, as this discussion has always lacked attention and interest, though it is understood, that the prosperity of small firms, and successful HRM, as a considerable part of this prosperity, is the main stimulation for the overall economic growth. (Dundon, 2001) The authors, who have devoted their time and books to the HRM, never really concentrated on the smaller and medium business, simply outlining the necessity for such research, without going deeper into the subject. (Legge, 1995; Bach and Sisson, 2000; bacon, 1996; Creagh et al.,